ENDOGENOUS PARTICIPATION
STRENGTHENING PRIOR CONSULTATION IN EXTRACTIVE ECONOMIES
Keywords:
Prior consultation Indigenous movement Hydrocarbons Bolivia EcuadorAbstract
Why and how do institutions strengthen? This ar-ticle offers an explanation of institutional strength based on the study of participatory institutions. Combining the insights of historical institutiona-lism and participatory democracy literatures, it is proposed an endogenous theory of participa-tion and argue that the strength of participatory institutions is dependent on the historic process of their creation and subsequent political incor-poration of the mobilized groups that bring them about. We comparatively study prior consulta-tion in Bolivia and Ecuador since its inception in the 1990s. This institution is highly relevant in Latin America, particularly as countries in the region intensify the extraction of non-renewable resources. We show that different paths of po-litical incorporation of the groups mobilized for institutional adoption were consequential to the resulting institutional strength. Our findings shed light on the tensions between participa-tory democracy and resource extraction in Latin America and have important implications for the study of participatory and political institutions worldwide.
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