¿Sirven los controles de capitales para morigerar los shocks financieros globales?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59339/de.v62i238.534Palabras clave:
Shocks de política monetaria, Control de capitales, Flujos de capitales, Datos en panel.Resumen
Este trabajo estudia si los controles a la movilidad internacional de capitales atenúan el impacto de los shocks financieros en la entrada (definido como venta neta de activos domésticos a no residentes) y salida de capitales (definido como compra neta de activos externos por parte de residentes). Se estiman modelos de datos en panel dinámicos con datos trimestrales para 17 economías emergentes durante 2001-2015 para analizar el efecto de la interacción entre índices de controles a la movilidad con variables de shocks a la política monetaria de los Estados Unidos sobre los flujos de capitales. Los principales resultados indican que las variables de interacción resultan estadísticamente significativas para morigerar la entrada de capitales especulativos. Por el contrario, los controles a la salida no tienen un efecto significativo. Estos hallazgos asimétricos indican que los controles a la entrada son un elemento relevante para la decisión de cartera de los no residentes, pero que los controles a la salida de capitales no son efectivos para las decisiones de los residentes (acumulación de activos externos por parte de residentes).
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